Important Computer Knowledge – Development of computer

Abacus

  • Abacus is known to be the first mechanical calculating device.
  • Which was used to be performed addition and subtraction easily and speedily.
  • Abacus is made up of the wooden frame in which rod where fitted across with rounds beads sliding on the rod.

Pascal Calculator

  • In the year 1642, Blaise Pascal a French scientist invented the adding machine called Pascal’s calculator, which represents the position of the digit with the help of gears in it.

Analytical Engine

  • A scientist from England knows to be Charles Babbage invented such the machine.
  • This device is known as Analytical engine and it is the first mechanical computer.
  • It includes such feature which we use in today’s computer language.
  • For this great invention of the computer, Sir Charles Babbage is also known as the father of the computer.

Generation of computers – Computer Knowledge

Ist Generation: (1940-1956)

  • Vacuum tubes got use in circuits.
  • These computers are very large in size.
  • It requires a large amount of electricity.
  • They produce more heat.
  • They are less revival.
  • Ex.: ENIAC, UNIVAC.

IInd Generation: (1957-1962)

  • Vacuum tubes got the replacement by transistors in circuits.
  • Small size as compared to Ist Generation computers.
  • Less amount of heat Generation.
  • Less electricity consumption.
  • Ex.: IBM 350

IIIrd Generation: (1963-1972)

  • Transistors got the replacement by I.C. in circuits. (I.C.- Integrated circuits)
  • Small size as compared to IInd Generation computer.
  • Less amount of heat as compared to IInd Generation computer.
  • Less electricity consumption.
  • Faster and more accurate than the IInd Generation computer.
  • Ex.: IBM 360/370

IVth Generation: (1973-Present)

  • LSI and LSVI technologies are used.
  • LSI- Large-scale integration.
  • LSVI-Very large scale integration.
  • Apple-II, STAR 1000

Vth Generation: (Present & Beyond)

  • It is based on the technique of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
  • The computer can understand spoken words.
  • Scientists are constantly working to increase the processing power of computers.
  • They are trying to create a computer with real IQ with the help of advanced programming and technologies.
  • Ex.: IBM Watson.

Basic Computer Knowledge – Classification of Computers

Classification of working system

Digital computer

  • The digital computer is the most common type of computer and is used to process information with quantities using digits, usually using the binary number system. Ex – MacBook.

Analog Computer 

  • Analog computer that operates with numbers represented by directly measurable quantities (as voltages or rotations) — compare digital computer, hybrid computer.

Hybrid Computer

  • Hybrid Computer is a computer that combines the characteristics of a digital computer and an analogue computer by its capacity to accept input and provide output in either digital or analogue form and to process information digitally.

Software – Computer Knowledge

Computer software is a program or simply software is a series of instructions that directs a computer to perform specific tasks or operations. Computer software consists of computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data (such as online documentation or digital media).

There are two main types of software: systems software and application software.

Systems Software

  1. Systems software includes the programs that dedicate to managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS).
  2. The operating system manages the computer hardware resources in addition to applications and data.
  3. Without systems software installed on our computers, we would have to type the instructions for everything we wanted the computer to do.

Applications Software

  1. Application software, or simply applications, are often called productivity programs or end-user programs.
  2. They will enable the user to complete tasks such as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases, and publications, doing online research, sending email, designing graphics, running businesses, and even playing games.
  3. Application software is specific to the task which can be as simple as a calculator application or as complex as a word processing application.
  4. When you begin creating a document, the word processing software has already set the margins, font style and size, and the line spacing for you.
  5. But you can change these settings, and you have many more formatting options available.
  6. For example, the word processor application makes it easy to add colour, headings, add pictures or delete, copy, move, and change the document’s appearance to suit your needs.

Bug

A software bug is an error, flaw, failure or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways.

Virus

Computer Knowledge Basic General Computer Awareness

Think of a biological virus – the kind that makes you sick. It’s persistently nasty, restricts you from functioning normally and often requires something powerful to get rid of it.

A computer virus is very similar. Designed to relentlessly replicate, computer viruses infect your programs and files, alter the way your computer operates or stop it from working altogether.

How does a computer get a virus?

Even if you’re careful you can pick up computer viruses through normal Web activities like:

  • Sharing music, files or photos with other users
  • Visiting an infected Website.
  • Opening spam email or an email attachment
  • Downloading free games, toolbars, media players and other system utilities
  • Installing mainstream software applications without fully reading license agreements

Hope the article on Computer General Knowledge will help for gaining more General Knowledge. Make note of this article on Computer Knowledge for Bank exams 

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